gobekli tepe - genesis of the gods (73 page)

BOOK: gobekli tepe - genesis of the gods

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ice age
    cave art, 68–76
    extinction of animals, 158
    onset of, 142–43, 144

See also
Younger Dryas (mini ice age)
innocence, loss of, 367–71
Ivanov, Vyacheslav, 149
Izady, Mehrdad, 48–49

jaguar, 90–91
Jerico, 218–19
Jerusalem, 240
Jesus Christ, 306, 323, 335
Jinn, 298–99
John the Baptist, 238, 303, 304, 306, 350
John the Evangelist, 31, 33
Josephus, Flavius, 324, 352

Karajeddah Dag (volcano), 160–61
Keightly, Thomas, 298
Kennett, James, 154
Kenyon, Kathleen, 21
Kharsag
    described, 262
    Duku located on, 6, 261
    as Garden of Eden, 267–69, 270
    as home of the Anunnaki, 266–67
    as Mountain of the East, 261
    Mount Ararat identified with, 264
Khorenatsi, Movses, 317–18, 319
Kiepert, Heinrich, 251
Kilisik statue, 106–10, 115–16
king, twin of, 65–66
Koryak reindeer herders, 207–8, 209
Kostenki-Streletskaya culture, 181–82, 200–201
Kubrick, Stanley, 27, 28
Kurdish people, 205–6, 257

Lascaux Caves (Shaft Scene), 69–71, 94, 185, 187
Lastivertc’i, Aristakes, 204
laurel-leaf points, 179, 180–81, Plate 25
lion pillar, new, 364–65, Plate 20
Lion Pillar Building, 4, 29, Plate 17, Plate 18
lions, 356–57
Lion’s Gate (Enclosure C), 44, Plate 8
Lipinski, Edward, 284–86, 287
Luther, Martin, 244

Magdalenians, 179
Magli, Giulio, 80
Mallowan, Max, 293–94
Map of the World, Babylonian, 287–88,
289
maritime trading, 192
Martirosyan, Hrach K., 204
Maya of Central America, 89–91, 102, 193, 295
McClintock, John, 231–32
McKern, Sharon and Thomas, 177
megalithic architecture, 38, 167
Mellaart, James, 76, 98, 198
melt products, 155–56
Mesolithic age, 21, 100, 167
metals and metalworking, 13
Meteor Crater, Arizona, 155
Methodius of Olympus, 320, 321
microspherules, 155–58
Midgard Serpent, 137–39, 141
Milky Way
    Nut as personification of, 110
    as Path of Souls, 92

See also
Great Rift (Milky Way)
mining operations, 190
Molleson, Theya, 294–95
monastery, Surb Karapet, 238, 337.
See also
        Yeghrdut monastery
Moore, Andrew, 153–54
Morris, Janet, 313
Moses, 306
Mountain of God, 284–85
Mountain of Victory (Mons Victorialis), 329–32
Mount al-Judi, 262–63, 264, 281, 318
Mount Ararat, 38, 262, 264, 265, 281–82,
        318, 328–29
Mount Armon, 280, 282
Mount Cordan (Cordan Monte), 320–22
Mount Hermon, 268, 273–74, 280, 284, 287, 290
Mount Massis, 262–63
Mount of Assembly, 287
Mount Sir (Seir), 328–29
Muska, 357–58, Plate 34
Myron, holy oil of, 336–37
myths, Neolithic, 221.
See also
catastrophe myths

Nag Hammadi library, 323–24, 326, 327
Native Americans, 92, 93
Neanderthal-human hybrids
    Hooded Ones as, 215–16
    skulls in Russia, 182
    Swiderians as, 175–76, 292–93
Neolithic revolution, 14–15, 39, 40, 221
Neolithic towns, 2, 369–70.
See also
Çatal Höyük
Nephilim, 7, 12–13, 274, 275, 276
Nevalı Çori
    cult building, 24, 25–26
    great monolith, 24–25, 26, 27
    location of, 23–24
    monoliths (pillars) at, 24–28
    number of T-shaped pillars at, 60
    representations of vultures, 98
    submergence of, 361
Nippur foundation cylinder, 261–62, 266–67
Noah, 11, 227, 317, 328
Noah’s ark, 11, 262–63, 264, 318, 329
Nordic folklore, 146–49
North Star, 148
Nut, sky goddess, 109,
110

O’Brien, Christian, 266, 267–69, 278, 297
obsidian, 190–94, 195–96, 197, 202, 204–5, 360
occultists, 209–10
Oil of Mercy, 305–6, 335, 336
omphalos (conical stones), 63–64
Orion constellation, 78–80
Osborn, Henry Fairfield, 181

Paleolithic art, 42
Pavlovians, 201–2
People of Truth (Yâresân), 356–57
Perez de Ribas, Andres, 124
Peri, 205–6, 298–99
Peri Şu (“river of the Peri”), 205–6, 251–52
Perlès, Catherine, 192
Phrat (Euphrates river), 229, 230
Pillar 1 (Enclosure A), 31
Pillar 10 (Enclosure B), Plate 6
Pillar 18 (Enclosure D), 46–47, 50, 51, 56,
        120, Plate 11, Plate 13, Plate 16
Pillar 27 (Enclosure C), 43, 55
Pillar 31 (Enclosure D), 55–57, Plate 12
Pillar 37 (Enclosure C), 42, Plate 9
Pillar 43 (Vulture Stone), 98–101, 102–4
Pison/Pishon river (Greater Zab), 232,
        233–34, 235, 251–52
placenta, 64–66
Place of Descent, 263, 264, 281, 318, 329
plain of Mush
    described, 237–40, Plate 30
    as Garden of Eden, 236, 250, 267–68
Plato, 168, 200
Pliny the Elder, 205
Polaris (Pole Star), 70, 149
pole star
    changing stars, 70–71
    shifting, 94–95
    Vega, 70, 94–95
    veneration of, 94

See also
Deneb (Pole Star)
pot stands, shamanic, 52–53
Pottery Neolithic age, 21, 293
Pre-Pottery Neolithic age
    at Abu Hureyra, 154–55
    building Göbekli Tepe, 34
    described, 21
    map of sites, 23
    Swiderians role in, 219–20
pressure flaking, 173–74, 175, 177–78, 180
Prose Edda
    about, 136
    battle of light and darkness, 139–41
    date of the catastrophe, 143
    devouring of the sun and moon, 136–37, 144
    Earth sinks, 141–42
    Fimbul-winter (age of ice), 142–43
    human survivors, 142–43
    Midgard Serpent, 137–39, 141
    monstrous regiment, 139
    nuclear winter, 143–45
psychopomp (“soul carrier”), 98, 101, 111
Ptolemy, 322

radiocarbon dates, 82–83
Ragnarök.
See
Armageddon (Ragnarök)
Rappenglück, Michael, 70
Red Church. See Dera Sor (“Red Church”)
Reichel-Dolmatoff, Gerardo, 52
Reland, Hadrian, 232, 234–35, 241
Rimantienè, Rimutè, 179
rivers of Paradise, four, 227–36, 240, 248, 249–52
Roberts, Alice, 166, 220
Roc-de-Sers shelter, France, 183–85
rock of truth, 326–27
Romanian sky myth, 129–31, 133
Rose, John Cruikshank, 293–94
runes, 147–48

Sabeans, 10, 11, 81, 338, 339
Saint John the Baptist, 238, 337
Saint Martin, 132, 133
Saint Peter, 336
Sale, George, 263
Salle des Taureaux (Hall of the Bulls), 71
Sámi, 174, 188, 210–12
Şanlıurfa, 15, 297–98
Satan, 204–5
Schmidt, Klaus
    on builders of Göbekli Tepe, 35, 259–60
    burial of enclosures and, 34
    on cup marks, 38
    describing Göbekli Tepe as Eden-like, 225–26
    determining the oldest enclosure, 85n
    on excarnation, 96
    exploring Göbekli Tepe, 2, 18–19,
        21–22, 23, 28, 29
    at Göbekli Tepe with Andrew Collins, Plate 19
    on hunter-gatherers, 39
    on the purpose of Göbekli Tepe, 362–66
    recognition of Göbekli Tepe’s
    importance, 221
    on stone tool technology, 166
    on stories, myths and legends, 6, 278
    on the Swiderians, 219–20
    on watchmen, 277–78
    on Younger Dryas Boundary impact event, 162–63
scorpion, 102, 103
Scorpius constellation, 102, 104
seelenloch (soul holes), 86–88, 111–12
Seth (son of Adam)
    book of, 327, 329–30
    children of, 338–40
    descendents of, 322–23
    gnostic followers of, 323–24
    Oil of Mercy and, 305–6
    in paradise, 320
    pillars of, 324, 325–26
    teachings of, 11, 15
    Tree of Life and, 309
    true race of, 334
Settegast, Mary, 168–69, 200
Shaft Scene (Lascaux Caves), 69–71, 94, 185, 187
shaman’s pole, 208–9
Shem (son of Noah), 317–18, 322, 338–39
Shir, land of, 33, 330, 331, 332
shoham stone, 228, 233–34
Sim Mountain, 317–18, 322
Siriad (Seiris or Sirian), land of, 324–26, 327, 328
Sirius (star), 80
sky pole (world pillar)
    cosmic tricksters as enemies of, 130, 131, 145
    described, 5–6, 71
    of Sámi tribe, 210
    stability of, 147–48
sky world, portals to, 66–67
SLOs (siliceous scoria-like objects), 155–57
Smith, George, 230
Smith, William, 283
snakelike heads, 293, 294–95, Plate 32
Snake Pillar Building (Enclosure A),
        29–32, 45, Plate 4
snakes/serpent
    cult of, 30–32, 295–96
    Midgard Serpent, 137–39, 141
    worship of, 267–68
Solecki, Ralph and Rose, 101, 198
Soloman, king, 298, 348
Solutreans
    Brünn peoples and, 180–83
    carved stone friezes of, 183–85
    cult of the bird, 185–87
    disappearance of, 179–80
    Kostenki-Streletskaya culture and,
        181–82, 200–201
    Lascaux Shaft Scene and, 185, 187
    Swiderians and, 179–80
    tanged points used by, 177–78, Plate 25
soul holes (seelenloch), 86–88, 111–12
souls
    Great Rift as destination of, 102
    head as seat of, 97, 100–101
    path of, 88, 89–95

See also
psychopomp (“soul carrier”)
Spence, Lewis, 193
Spencer, Walter Baldwin, 53
stars, alignment toward, 77–88
Stonehenge, 3, 38
stone tool technologies, 179
stone totem pole (Göbekli Tepe), 106, Plate 24
stork (as “soul carrier”), 111
storm-demon with open mouth, 92–94
Strabo, 231, 232, 246–47
Strecker, Wilhelm, 251
Stroumsa, Guy G., 328, 329
Sturluson, Snorri, 136
Summer Triangle, 69–71, 72–73
sun, path of, 61–62
Sungir skulls, 182
Surb Karapet monastery, 238, 337
swans (as “soul carrier”), 111, 133, 187–88
Swiderians
    in Crimea, 172–73
    as human hybrids, 175–76, 292–93
    hunting strategies of, 219–20
    hunting with wolves, 189
    Kostenki-Streletskaya culture and, 201
    obsidian trade, 190, 192, 202
    physical appearance of, 292–93
    religious ideologies of, 187–88
    as ruling elite, 213–14
    Sami culture and, 212
    snake-like heads of, 293
    Solutreans and, 179–80
    as Watchers, 292–93
    Zarzians and, 198–99, 200

See also
Hooded Ones; Watchers

tanged points, 167, 168–69, 170, 173, 174,
        177–79, 192, Plate 25
tektites, 155–56
Tell Arpachiyah, 293–94, 296
Teutonic mythology, 150–51
Thaddeus of Edessa, 303–4, 306, 316, 337, Plate 27
Tigris River (Hiddekel), 229–30, 244–45
Tigris Tunnel, 245, 286–87, 288–89, 290, 319, 328
Tíw (Norse god), 146–49, 209–10
Tree of Life
    divine energy of, 239
    Eagle legend, 347–48
    as evergreen/olive tree, 335
    fragments from, 335, 347
    Holy Wood of, 309–10, 348–49
    lithograph of, 308
    Oil of Mercy from, 305–6
    Yeghrdut monastery and, 304–5, 310, 337, 338
triangle d’or
(golden triangle), 2, 48–49
T-shaped pillars
    carvings on, 41–42
    depicting the hooded ones, 114
    at Nevalı Çori, 60
    number of, 60–61

See also
twin pillars; specific pillars
Twin of the king, 65–66
twin pillars
    angles of orientation, 78, 79
    as astronomical markers, 77
    at Enclosure D, Plate 14
    at Nevalı Çori, 24–28
    north or south orientation of, 80–81
    Orion correlations, 78–80
    as portals to the sky world, 66–67
    Sirius alignment, 80
    target revealed, 81–82

See also
Enclosures
twins, temple of, 65–66

Ursa Major constellation, 128, 133, 149
Ursa Minor constellation, 70, 149
Usselo horizon, 157, 171
Uyanik, Muvaffak, 100–101

Vega (Pole Star), 70, 94–95
Velikovsky, Immanuel, 339–40
Venus and the Sorcerer (Chauvet Cave),
        71–76, 108
Venus of Laussel (carving), 57
vultures
    cup marks for, 36
    Cygnus as “falling vulture,” 98, 102–4
    in death and rebirth, 7
    at Nevalı Çori, 98
    as psychopomp (“soul carrier”), 98, 101, 111
    role of, 37, 38
    in shamanic practice, 101, 198, 276
Vulture Stone (Pillar 43), 98–101, 102–4

Wahl, Christian Abraham, 283–84
Watchers
    abode of, 290–91
    cloaks of, 297
    described, 7, 275–78, 292
    Enoch’s meeting with, 12–13
    influence on humanity, 274–75
    serpentine qualities of, 297
    story of, 14–15, 274
    as Swiderians, 292–93
Waters of Life (Ab’i Hayat), 303
werewolves, 188, 208
wheat, domestication of, 39–40, 48
Whiston, William, 325
Wigram, W. A., and Edgar T. A., 245–46
Witöw people, 171–72
wolf
    carvings of, 212–13
    as comet, 137, 150–51
    as Gokihar (meteor), 151–52
    hunting with, 189
    Koryak reindeer herders ritual, 207–8
    in Zoroastrianism, 203
wolf people, 188
Wolf Star (Alcor), 132–34, 150
Wolf-stick Festival, 208, 209, 210
Wolf Stone Mountain (Gaylaxaz-ut), 203–5
world pillar. See sky pole (world pillar)
world tree, 102,
103

Xenophon, 251

Yâresân creation myth, 356–57
Yeghrdut monastery
    Collin’s dream of, 224–25, 302
    Collin’s visit to, 340–41
    as Eden-like woodland, 302–3
    history of, 303–4, 352
    holy anointing oil of, 310
    holy relics of, 337
    location on Sim Mountain, 311, 317–18
    religious decree given to, 313–14
    ruins of, 316–17
    Tree of Life and, 304–5, 310, 337, 338

See also
Dera Sor (“Red Church”)
Younger Dryas (mini ice age), 5, 34–35,
        116, 154, 158, 162–63, 171
Younger Dryas Boundary impact event,
        156–59, 161, 162, 171